Hybrid models form a separate type of conditionally all-wheel drive - e4WD (Toyota designation "E-Four" and "AWD-i"). Its general principle is quite simple: a separate electric motor (MGR motor-generator) drives the rear wheels via a two-stage reducer. A few variants of the rear drive module have developed.
Q210
· Layout - 3-shaft type
· Electric motor - 1FM (18 kW / 108 Nm), with permanent magnets
· Gear ratio - 6.311 (Estima) / 6.859 (Alphard)
· Capacity - 1.5 l (ATF Type T-IV)
· Layout - 3-shaft type
· Electric motor - 2FM (50 kW / 130 Nm or 139 Nm, 650V), with permanent magnets
· Gear ratio - 6.859 (1st stage - 23:40, final gear - 18:71)
· Capacity - 1.8 l (ATF WS)
· Module weight - 41.8 kg
1 - motor generator (MGR), 2 - counter drive gear, 3 - counter driven gear, 4 - differential drive pinion gear, 5 - differential ring gear, 6 - differential gear unit, 7 - differential side gear shaft. a - to left rear wheel, b - to right rear wheel
1 - motor cover, 2 - transaxle case, 3 - transaxle cover. a - cooling fin
1 - fluid catch tank, 2 - differential ring gear. a - fluid slung, b - MGR lubrication
Model
Production
Alphard/Vellfire ATH20
2008-2015
Alphard/Vellfire AYH30
2015-..
Estima AHR20
2006-2019
Harrier MHU38
2005-2012
Harrier AVU65
2013-2020
Highlander MHU28
2005-2007
Highlander MHU48
2007-2010
Highlander GVU48
2010-2014
Highlander GVU58
2014-2019
Kluger MHU28
2005-2007
Lexus RX400h MHU38
2005-2008
Lexus RX450h GYL15
2009-2015
Lexus RX450h GYL25
2015-2022
Lexus NX300h AYZ15
2014-2021
RAV4 AVA44
2015-2018
Q510
· Layout - 2-shaft type
· Electric motor - 1MM (5.0 or 5.3 kW / 55 Nm or 2.2kW/44nm, 201V), induction type
· Gear ratio - 10.487 (1st stage - 17:39, final gear - 14:64)
· Capacity - 1.2-1.3 l (ATF WS)
· Module weight - 29.2 kg
1 - motor generator (MGR), 2 - side gear shaft LH, 3 - counter drive gear, 4 - ring gear, 5 - differential, 6 - side gear shaft RH, 7 - differential drive gear, 8 - counter driven gear. a - to left rear wheel, b - to right rear wheel
1 - fluid catch tank, 2 - counter driven gear, 3 - ring gear. a,b - lubrication, d - initial oil level, e - high speed oil level
Model
Production
Camry AXVH75
2019-..
Corolla ZWE214W
2019-2022
Corolla Touring ZWE214W
2019-2022
Lexus UX250h MZAH15
2018-..
Prius ZVW55
2015-2022
Sienta MXPL15G
2022-..
Yaris MXPH15
2019-..
Yaris Cross MXPJ15
2020-..
Q610
· Layout - 3-shaft type
· Electric motor - 4NM (40 kW / 120 Nm), with permanent magnets
· Gear ratio - 10.781 (1st stage - 15:41, final gear - 18:71)
· Differential with pre-load spring washers
· Capacity - 1.7 l (ATF WS)
· Module weight - 41.1 kg
1 - motor generator MGR, 2 - counter drive gear, 3 - counter driven gear, 4 - differential drive gear, 5 - ring gear, 6 - drive shaft LH, 7 - differential, 8 - drive shaft RH. a - differential pre-torque mechanism, b - light load, c - middle and high load, d - side gear, e - conical spring washer, f - thrust washer, g - differential case
Control features: TRAIL mode - "a system that performs integrated control for the AWD, brake and drive force control systems to assist the drive power on bumpy roads", can be activated by a switch on the instrument panel.
Model
Production
Crown AZSH35
2022-..
Highlander AXUH78
2019-..
Lexus RX AALH16
2022-..
RAV4 AXAH54
2018-..
#
· Layout - 2-shaft type
· Electric motor - 1WM (30 kW / 84 Nm, 600V), with permanent magnets
· Gear ratio - 10.487
· Capacity - 1.2 l (e-transaxle fluid TE)
Model
Production
Corolla ZWE215
2022-..
Corolla Touring ZWE215W
2022-..
Noah ZWR95W
2022-..
Voxy ZWR95W
2022-..
QA10
· Layout - 3-shaft type
· Electric motor - 1YM (59/76/80 kW / 169 Nm)
· Gear ratio - 10.755 (HEV) / 13.786 (BEV)
· Capacity - 3.1 l (e-transaxle fluid TE)
Model
Production
bZ4X YEAM15 (80 kW)
2022-..
Crown TZSH35 (59 kW)
2022-..
Lexus RX500h (76 kW)
2022-..
Experience
Most older models with E-Four can be called "all-wheel drive" only in quotation marks - their real capabilities did not even reach the very modest level of similar non-hybrid models with ATC type all-wheel drive. Both possible problems were present - insufficient torque at the rear wheels and Toyota's traditional inability to make an adequate emulation of the axle differential locking by braking the slipping wheel.
A lot of illustrations can be found on Youtube (RAV4 AVA44 and the similar NX300h - very bad, RX450h - slightly better):
Some changes were outlined only in the mid-2010s, so the new generation of E-Four (RAV4 AXAH54) is already showing some progress, and even the motor from the lawn mower (Prius ZVW55, UX250h) is trying to be useful. Maybe Toyota will finally overcome the inertia of its own traditions...
Control features: TRAIL mode - "a system that performs integrated control for the AWD, brake and drive force control systems to assist the drive power on bumpy roads", can be activated by a switch on the instrument panel.